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Body condition scoring is an evaluation to determine if a pet is at a healthy weight or not.
The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) publishes BCS charts for dogs and cats.
Pet's at a body condition score (BCS) of 5, on a 9-point scale, are at a healthy weight.
If a pet is not at a healthy BCS, the pet owner should work with their veterinary team to get the pet to a healthy weight.
The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) also publishes Muscle Condition Score (MCS) charts for dogs and cats.
Assessing a pet's MCS is important to do, along with BCS, to determine if a pet is at a healthy weight.
If a pet is not at a normal MCS, the pet owner should work with their veterinary team to determine the cause, as there are many possibilities, from an inappropriate diet to an underlying disease.

Pet Nutrition Alliance Calorie Calculators for dogs and cats is a place to start for estimating your pet's energy/calorie needs.
Note that calorie intake should be adjusted to ensure your pet maintains a healthy weight (e.g. BCS of 5, on a 9-point scale).
Furthermore, 90-100% of a pet's calorie intake should come from a complete & balanced diet (i.e. commercial pet food subsantiated for your pet's species and lifestage, or a properly formulated AND implemented homemade diet).
Up to 10% is the maximum alotment for treats and other food that is not complete & balanced.

Selecting commercial pet food can be challenging due to the plethora of commercial products available and abundance of information on the internet.
Check out the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Nutrition Guidelines "Tools for Pet Owners", like Selecting a Pet Food.

Blog for pet owners by veterinary nutritionists on all things pet food!

The Pet Nutrition Alliance (PNA) asked pet food manufacturers about Colleagues took the WSAVA guidelines and investigated numerous pet food manufacturers in their Pet Food Manufacturer Evaluation Report.

Raw meat-based diets are more likely to be contaminated by bacterial pathogens like Salmonella and Listeria. These pathogenic microorganisms can make pets and humans very sick.
World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) information on raw meat-based diets.
Tufts Petfoolology Raw Pet Food Risks: A Research Update
Dr. Weese & Dr. Anderson's Worms & Germs Blog information about raw meat-based diets.

Homemade diets can be a good option for adult dogs or cats with a nutritionally sensitive condition/disease (e.g. kidney disease) when the dog or cat is uninterested in eating a commercial veterinary diet formulated for that condition/disease. However, there is lots of room for error. Therefore, the recipe should be formulated by a Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionist®. Furthermore, the recipe needs to be followed, as formulated, because changes in ingredients will alter the nutrient profile of the recipe.

Petfoodology blog, "What Nutritionists Wish You Knew: 5 Homecooked Diet Mistakes & Misconceptions"

Dr. Sean Delaney
online web program for formulating recipes for healthy dogs & cats

Forage lab where forage samples can be sent for nutrient analysis. The lab also publishes data from their analysis, so you can see what is average for forages they analyze.

Dr. Liburt Facebook page with helpful equine resources.